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- At that time, in Kentucky (said the Hon. Mr. K--), the law was very
- strict against what are termed ``games of chance''. About a dozen of the
- boys were detected playing ``seven-up'' or ``old sledge'' for money, and
- the grand jury found a true bill against them. Jim Sturgis was retained
- to defend them when the case came up, of course. The more he studied
- over the matter, and looked into the evidence, the plainer it was that
- he must lose a case at last--there was no getting around that painful
- fact. Those boys had certainly been betting money on a game of chance.
- Even public sympathy was roused in behalf of Sturgis. People said it was
- a pity to see him mar his successful career with a big prominent case
- like this, which must go against him.
-
- But after several restless nights an inspired idea flashed upon Sturgis,
- and he sprang out of bed delighted. He thought he saw his way through.
- The next day he whispered around a little among his clients and a few
- friends, and then when the case came up in court he acknowledged the
- seven-up and the betting, and, as his sole defense, had the astounding
- effrontery to put in the plea that old sledge was not a game of chance!
- There was the broadest sort of smile all over the faces of that
- sophisticated audience. The judge smiled with the rest. But Sturgis
- maintained a countenance whose earnestness was even severe. The opposite
- counsel tried to ridicule him out of his position, and did not succeed.
- The judge jested in a ponderous judicial way about the thing, but did
- not move him. The matter was becoming grave. The judge lost a little of
- his patience, and said the joke had gone far enough. Jim Sturgis said he
- knew of no joke in the matter--his clients could not be punished for
- indulging in what some people chose to consider a game of chance until
- it was proven that it was a game of chance. Judge and counsel said that
- would be an easy matter, and forthwith called Deacons Job, Peters,
- Burke, and Johnson, and Dominies Wirt and Miggles, to testify; and they
- unanimously and with strong feeling put down the legal quibble of
- Sturgis by pronouncing that old sledge was a game of chance.
-
- ``What do you call it now?'' said the judge.
-
- ``I call it a game of science!'' retorted Sturgis; ``and I'll prove it,
- too!''
-
- They saw his little game.
-
- He brought in a cloud of witnesses, and produced an overwhelming mass of
- testimony, to show that old sledge was not a game of chance but a game
- of science.
-
- Instead of being the simplest case in the world, it had somehow turned
- out to be an excessively knotty one. The judge scratched his head over
- it awhile, and said there was no way of coming to a determination,
- because just as many men could be brought into court who would testify
- on one side as could be found to testify on the other. But he said he
- was willing to do the fair thing by all parties, and would act upon any
- suggestion Mr. Sturgis would make for the solution of the difficulty.
-
- Mr. Sturgis was on his feet in a second.
-
- ``Impanel a jury of six each, Luck versus Science. Give them candles and
- a couple of decks of cards. Send them into the jury-room, and just abide
- by the result!''
-
- There was no disputing the fairness of the proposition. The four deacons
- and the two dominies were sworn in as the ``chance'' jurymen, and six
- inveterate old seven-up professors were chosen to represent the
- ``science'' side of the issue. They retired to the jury-room.
-
- In about two hours Deacon Peters sent into court to borrow three dollars
- from a friend. [Sensation.] In about two hours more Dominie Miggles sent
- into court to borrow a ``stake'' from a friend. [Sensation.] During the
- next three or four hours the other dominie and the other deacons sent
- into court for small loans. And still the packed audience waited, for it
- was a prodigious occasion in Bull's Corners, and one in which every
- father of a family was necessarily interested.
-
- The rest of the story can be told briefly. About daylight the jury came
- in, and Deacon Job, the foreman, read the following verdict:
-
- We, the jury in the case of the Commonwealth of Kentucky vs. John
- Wheeler et al., have carefully considered the points of the case, and
- tested the merits of the several theories advanced, and do hereby
- unanimously decide that the game commonly known as old sledge or
- seven-up is eminently a game of science and not of chance. In
- demonstration whereof it is hereby and herein stated, iterated,
- reiterated, set forth, and made manifest that, during the entire night,
- the ``chance'' men never won a game or turned a jack, although both
- feats were common and frequent to the opposition; and furthermore, in
- support of this our verdict, we call attention to the significant fact
- that the ``chance'' men are all busted, and the ``science'' men have got
- the money. It is the deliberate opinion of this jury, that the
- ``chance'' theory concerning seven-up is a pernicious doctrine, and
- calculated to inflict untold suffering and pecuniary loss upon any
- community that takes stock in it.
-
- ``That is the way that seven-up came to be set apart and particularized
- in the statute-books of Kentucky as being a game not of chance but of
- science, and therefore not punishable under the law,'' said Mr. K--.
- ``That verdict is of record, and holds good to this day.''
-
- --Mark Twain (1870)
-